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Meaning
Journal is a book of primary entry or a book of original entry in which transactions are first recorded in a chronological order from the accounting vouchers that are prepared on the basis of source documents, i.e., cash memo, invoices, purchase bills, etc. The transactions can be recorded in one journal.
Terms of Journal
- Book of Original Entry – Journal is called a Book Of Original Entry (also called Book of Primary Entry) because a transaction is first recorded or written in this book and thereafter transferred, i.e., posted in the Ledger Accounts.
- Journal Entry – An entry recorded in the Journal is called a Journal Entry.
- Journalising – The process of recording a transaction in a Journal is known as Journalising.
- Posting – The transfer of Journal entry to Ledger Accounts is called Posting.
Format of Journal
Rules of Debit and Credit:-
Based on Traditional Classification of Accounts:-
Types of Account | Debit | Credit |
Personal Account | The Receiver | The Giver |
Real Account | What comes in | What goes out |
Nominal Account | All Expenses and Losses | All Incomes and Gains |
Based on Modern Classification of Accounts:–
Types of Account | Debit | Credit |
Asset Account | Increase | Decrease |
Liability Account | Decrease | Increase |
Capital Account | Decrease | Increase |
Revenue Account | Decrease | Increase |
Expense Account | Increase | Decrease |
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